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King Arthur

Fact or Myth

 

 

Kings Arthur has appeared in many ancient legends and although his story has been embellished by many writers, we can be certain that the story of King Arthur is based on the life real charismatic military leader.

 

So who might King Arthur have been?

 

We can be certain King Arthur was not a medieval King with a council of knights in suits of armour and a big castle called Camelot that looks something like the North Wales castles built by English King Edward 1 (1272 -1307).

 

We know very little historically but if we accept that he existed, then King Arthur was probably a 5th century warrior chief who protected his peoples from the Saxon invaders for a time.

 

The battle of Camlan probably took place and is connected to King Arthur, but virually everything about King Arthur is conjecture. He could have come from Cornwall, Wales, Southern England, Northern England . Britain abounds with sites which have King Arthur connections.

 

King Arthur was said to be the son of Uther Pendragon and Ygraine of Cornwall. Arthur is a near mythic figure in Celtic stories such as Culhwch and Olwen. In early chronicles he is presented as a military leader, the dux bellorum suggesting a conncetion with the declining post Roman Britain of the time.

 

In later romance he is a king and emperor. The Tudor monarchs traced their lineage to King Arthur and used that connection as a justification for their occupation of the English throne.

 

Irrespective of whether King Arthur was real or mythical, it cannot be denied that King Arthur has been a major influence on literature, from the early Middle Ages to the present day. And although if King Arthur had been a "real" king, he would have lived around the 5th or 6th centuries, it is more as a Middle Ages knight that he is presented in literature.

 

From Malory to Tennyson to T. H. White. The central story is of a noble kingdom of high ideals, whose ideals are undermined by the adultery of Queen Guinevere with Lancelot, the most noble of

all the knights. And eventually brought down by the treachery of Mordred. In spite of this, Arthur's memory lives on. Historia Brittonum (written c.830AD) says “Arthur fought against them [the Saxon invaders] in those days, together with the kings of the Britons, but he was the leader in battles [dux bellorum].” The rest of the text lists a number of his supposed battles of which the Battle of Badon is the only one that we know from

other historical sources (Gildas’s De Excidio Britanniae of c.540AD, which mentions the battle but not Arthur).

 

The main impetus for Arthurian stories starts with Geoffrey of Monmouth who records Arthur's birth, childhood, ascension to the throne, military conquests, and death. He places King Arthur as living from the late fifth century to 542, when the king was mortally wounded in his last battle. This story became the basis of the Arthurian legend, and was built on by Chrétien de Troyes and Sir Thomas Malory.

 

Geoffrey completed his History around 1130, using earlier sources such as Gildas, Nennius, The Annales Cambriae and Bede. But none of these makes any subsantial mention of a King Arthur. So where did he get his facts? Geoffrey claimed to have had in his possession a "certain very ancient book written in the British language." However nobody else has used this book, and if it existed, has not been passed down to modern times

 

Other attempts to fill-out the above concept of King Arthur have focused on trying to localise this Arthur. Arthur has been placed by various researchers as the war-leader in the North of Britain, the South, the Midlands, southern

Scotland as well as Wales and Cornwall . But these are not particularly sucessful at localising King Arthur, as the early "historical" references just

are too vague to tie him down.

 

But the main source of Arthurian myths did not come from British English writings. Rather from French authors living in Brittany about 300 years before Malory's epic Arthurian tale was published.

 

They might well have based their tales on stories told by English Crusaders in the 11th century, but they undoubtedly embroidered these stories themselves. These early romantic novelists gave us most of the myths that was later further embroidered by Malory and Tennyson.

 

So really King Arthur, the 'King of the Britons' was in probably a French invention, as are so many of the details of the legend that come from these early French writers. Lancelot, his affair with Guinevere, Excalibur, Camelot, the Round Table, Sir Perceval all originate with these French writers.

 

And at roughly the same time Geoffrey of Monmouth was writing his History of the Kings of Britain. In Geoffrey's story Arthur lived during a war-torn period in Welsh history, and becomes the leader of a large kingdom he has created by military victories against the invading Saxons. In Geoffrey's account,

 

Arthur goes on to invade France, defeats the Roman armies and almost conquers the remnants of the Roman empire.

 

It seems that there was a war leader, whose name we do not know, who defeated the Saxons, checking their advance temporarily. As time went by people remembered this leader fondly, the good old days and a touch of "Oh, if only ... was our leader now". Eventually the name Arthur stuck as his name in folk memory, and his ascribed deeds grew long after his death - King Arthur arrives, the once and future king.

 

 

 

 

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Theosophy

Avalon

 

King Arthur &

The Round Table

 

Merlin & The Tree of Life

 

Merlin the Magician

Born circa 400 CE ; Welsh: Myrddin;

Latin: Merlinus; English: Merlin.

 

 

The Holy Grail

 

The Theosophy Wales

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Topics include Quantum Theory and Socks,

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A selection of articles on Reincarnation

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Henry Steel Olcott

 

Nothing answers questions

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Blavatsky Calling

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The South of Heaven Guide

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Wales! Wales! Theosophy Wales

The All Wales Guide to

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Death & How to Get Through It

Lentil burgers, a thousand press ups before breakfast and

the daily 25 mile run may put it off for a while but death

seems to get most of us in the end. We are pleased to

present for your consideration, a definitive work on the

subject by a Student of Katherine Tingley entitled

“Man After Death”

 

The Akashic Records

It’s all “water under the bridge” but everything you do

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Theosophy in the UK

 

 

Within the British Isles, The Adyar Theosophical Society has Groups in;

 

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The Spiritual Home of Urban Theosophy

 

The Mornington Crescent

Underground Theosophy Website

The Earth Base for Evolutionary Theosophy

 

Theosophy Wales Now!

 

Theosophy Wales History

 

Theosophy Cardiff Burn-Up

 

Theosophy Wales Burn-Up

 

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Teozofio Cardiff

Ĉefpaĝo En Esperanto

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Theosophy Cardiff Cancels its Affiliation

to the Adyar Based Theosophical Society

and becomes an independent body within

the Worldwide Theosophical Movement

 

Theosophy Birmingham (England)

The Birmingham Annie Besant Lodge

 

Theosophy Sidmouth

Sidmouth, Devon, England

 

Theosophy Utah

Theosophy Cardiff has links with the

Theosophical Society in Utah

 

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The Theosophy Cardiff

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Chalice Well, Glastonbury.

The Theosophy Cardiff Guide to

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Theosophy Cardiff’s

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Glastonbury and Joseph of Arimathea

 

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The Theosophy Cardiff Guide to

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Tekels Park

Camberley, Surrey, England GU15 2LF

 

 

Concerns about the fate of the wildlife as

Tekels Park is to be Sold to a Developer

 

Concerns are raised about the fate of the 

wildlife as The Spiritual Retreat, 

Tekels Park in Camberley, Surrey, 

England is to be sold to a developer.

 

Tekels Park is a 50 acre woodland park, 

purchased for the Adyar Theosophical 

Society in England in 1929.

 

In addition to concern about the park, 

many are worried about the future 

of the Tekels Park Deer as they 

are not a protected species.

 

Confusion as the Theoversity moves out of 

Tekels Park to Southampton, Glastonbury & 

Chorley in Lancashire while the leadership claim

that the Theosophical Society will carry on using 

Tekels Park despite its sale to a developer

 

Anyone planning a “Spiritual” stay at the

Tekels Park Guest House should be aware of the sale.

 

 

Future of Tekels Park Badgers in Doubt

 

Party On! Tekels Park Theosophy NOT

 

Tekels Park & the Loch Ness Monster

A Satirical view of the sale of Tekels Park

in Camberley, Surrey to a developer

 

The Toff’s Guide to the Sale of Tekels Park

What the men in top hats have to

say about the sale of Tekels Park

to a developer

 

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Sunset over Pendle Hill

Near Burnley, Lancashire

 

The Theosophy Cardiff Guide to

Pendle Hill, Lancashire, England.

 

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An Outline of Theosophy

Charles Webster Leadbeater

 

Theosophy - What it is   How is it Known?

 

The Method of Observation   General Principles

 

The Three Great Truths   Advantage Gained from this Knowledge

 

The Deity   The Divine Scheme   The Constitution of Man

 

The True Man   Reincarnation   The Wider Outlook

 

Death   Man’s Past and Future   Cause and Effect

 

What Theosophy does for us

 

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H P Blavatsky’s Heavy Duty

Theosophical Glossary

Published 1892

A B C D EFG H IJ KL M N OP QR S T UV WXYZ

 

Complete Theosophical Glossary in Plain Text Format

1.22MB

 

 

Classic Introductory Theosophy Text

A Text Book of Theosophy By C W Leadbeater

 

What Theosophy Is  From the Absolute to Man

 

The Formation of a Solar System  The Evolution of Life

 

The Constitution of Man  After Death  Reincarnation

 

The Purpose of Life  The Planetary Chains

 

The Result of Theosophical Study

 

The Occult World

By Alfred Percy Sinnett

 

Preface to the American Edition    Introduction

 

Occultism and its Adepts    The Theosophical Society

 

First Occult Experiences   Teachings of Occult Philosophy

 

Later Occult Phenomena    Appendix

 

The Ocean of Theosophy

William Quan Judge

 

Preface    Theosophy and the Masters    General Principles

 

The Earth Chain    Body and Astral Body    Kama – Desire

 

Manas    Of Reincarnation    Reincarnation Continued

 

Karma    Kama Loka    Devachan    Cycles

 

Septenary Constitution Of Man

 

Arguments Supporting Reincarnation

 

Differentiation Of Species Missing Links

 

Psychic Laws, Forces, and Phenomena

 

Psychic Phenomena and Spiritualism

 

Instant Guide to Theosophy

Quick Explanations with Links to More Detailed Info

 

What is Theosophy ? Theosophy Defined (More Detail)

 

Three Fundamental Propositions  Key Concepts of Theosophy

 

Cosmogenesis  Anthropogenesis  Root Races  Karma

 

Ascended Masters  After Death States  Reincarnation

 

The Seven Principles of Man  Helena Petrovna Blavatsky

 

Colonel Henry Steel Olcott William Quan Judge

 

The Start of the Theosophical Society Theosophical Society Presidents

 

History of the Theosophical Society  Glossaries of Theosophical Terms

 

History of the Theosophical Society in Wales

 

The Three Objectives of the Theosophical Society

 

Explanation of the Theosophical Society Emblem

 

 

A Study in Karma

Annie Besant

 

Karma  Fundamental Principles  Laws: Natural and Man-Made  The Law of Laws

 

The Eternal Now  Succession  Causation The Laws of Nature  A Lesson of The Law

 

Karma Does Not Crush  Apply This Law  Man in The Three Worlds  Understand The Truth

 

Man and His Surroundings  The Three Fates  The Pair of Triplets  Thought, The Builder

 

Practical Meditation  Will and Desire  The Mastery of Desire  Two Other Points

 

The Third Thread  Perfect Justice  Our Environment  Our Kith and Kin  Our Nation

 

The Light for a Good Man  Knowledge of Law  The Opposing Schools

 

The More Modern View  Self-Examination  Out of the Past

 

Old Friendships  We Grow By Giving  Collective Karma  Family Karma

 

National Karma  India’s Karma  National Disasters

 

 

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Worldwide Directory of 

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WALES

Pages about Wales

General pages about Wales, Welsh History

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Conwy Castle on the North Wales Coast

 

Wales is a Principality within the United Kingdom

and has an eastern border with England. The land

area is just over 8,000 square miles. Snowdon in

North Wales is the highest mountain at 3,650 feet.

The coastline is almost 750 miles long. The population

of Wales as at the 2001 census is 2,946,200.

 

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